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to govern a relationship

Толкование Перевод

1 relationship

n

отношения; взаимоотношения, взаимозависимость; связь

to be on the side of peaceful relationship — быть за мирные отношения

to broaden the relationship — расширять отношения

to carry one's weight in the security relationship — нести свою часть бремени в обеспечении безопасности

to cement the relationship — укреплять отношения

to cloud the relationship — омрачать отношения

to create a good relationship with smb — устанавливать хорошие отношения с кем-л.

to dismantle a relationship — разрушать отношения

to disrupt a relationship — портить отношения

to end a relationship — прекращать отношения

to enjoy a workable relationship — иметь хорошие рабочие отношения

to enter into a person-to-person relationship — вступать в личный контакт, устанавливать личный контакт

to establish a good relationship with smb — устанавливать хорошие отношения с кем-л.

to govern a relationship — регулировать отношения

to have a workable relationship — иметь хорошие рабочие отношения

to improve relationship — улучшать отношения

to inject some warmth in the chilly relationship — вносить некоторое потепление в прохладные отношения

to lay the foundations for one's new relationship — закладывать основы для новых взаимоотношений

to paper over / to patch up one's relationship — сглаживать противоречия в своих отношениях

to reassess one's relationship — пересматривать свои отношения

to repair relationship — улучшать отношения

to sever relationship — разрывать отношения

to strain bilateral relationship — ухудшать двусторонние отношения

to streamline relationship — повышать эффективность отношений

to strengthen relationship — укреплять взаимоотношения

to withdraw from security relationship — выходить из пакта безопасности

- amiable relationship
- bilateral relationship
- burgeoning relationship
- city-to-city relationship
- close relationship
- cordial relationship between the two countries
- disturbed relationship
- economic relationship
- equal relationship
- equitable relationship
- establishment of a normal relationship with a country
- expanding relationship
- global relationship
- harmonious relationship
- human relationship
- interindustry relationship
- intimate relationship
- kindred relationship
- labor relationship
- long relationship
- long-term relationship
- neighborly relationship
- new relationship
- new type of international relationship
- normal relationship
- operational relationship
- party-to-party relationship
- political relationship
- positive relationship with smb
- productive relationship
- relationship between church and state
- relationship between nature and society
- relationship of science and practice
- relaxed relationship
- same sex relationship
- smooth relationship
- stable relationship
- state-to-state relationship
- sterile relationship
- strains in the relationship between smb
- strategic relationship
- strengthening relationship
- strenuous relationship
- strong relationship
- trade relationships
- transatlantic relationship
- transpacific relationship
- triangular relationship
- trusting relationship
- unbreakable relationship
- uneasy relationship
- working relationship

Politics english-russian dictionary > relationship
2 govern

govern

A vtr

1 Admin, Pol gouverner [country, state, city] ; administrer [colony, province] ;

2 ( control) [law, principle] régir [conduct, manufacture, sale, treatment, use] ; dominer [relationship, person] ;

3 ( determine) déterminer [actions, character, development, decision] ; the basic salary is governed by three factors le salaire de base est déterminé par trois facteurs ;

4 sout ( restrain) maîtriser, gouverner fml [feelings, temper] ;

5 Ling régir ;

6 Elec, Tech régler [flow, input, speed].

B vi [parliament, president] gouverner ; [administrator, governor] administrer.

Big English-French dictionary > govern
3 Grammar

   1) Grammar as Analogous to a Scientific Theory

   I think that the failure to offer a precise account of the notion "grammar" is not just a superficial defect in linguistic theory that can be remedied by adding one more definition. It seems to me that until this notion is clarified, no part of linguistic theory can achieve anything like a satisfactory development.... I have been discussing a grammar of a particular language here as analogous to a particular scientific theory, dealing with its subject matter (the set of sentences of this language) much as embryology or physics deals with its subject matter. (Chomsky, 1964, p. 213)

   2) Native Speakers and Their Grammar

   Obviously, every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. This is not to say that he is aware of the rules of grammar or even that he can become aware of them, or that his statements about his intuitive knowledge of his language are necessarily accurate. (Chomsky, 1965, p. 8)

   3) The Reduction of Transformation Rules In a Science of Grammar

   Much effort has been devoted to showing that the class of possible transformations can be substantially reduced without loss of descriptive power through the discovery of quite general conditions that all such rules and the representations they operate on and form must meet.... [The] transformational rules, at least for a substantial core grammar, can be reduced to the single rule, "Move alpha" (that is, "move any category anywhere"). (Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 21)

   4) The Relationship of Transformational Grammar to Semantics and to Human Performance

   he implications of assuming a semantic memory for what we might call "generative psycholinguistics" are: that dichotomous judgments of semantic well-formedness versus anomaly are not essential or inherent to language performance; that the transformational component of a grammar is the part most relevant to performance models; that a generative grammar's role should be viewed as restricted to language production, whereas sentence understanding should be treated as a problem of extracting a cognitive representation of a text's message; that until some theoretical notion of cognitive representation is incorporated into linguistic conceptions, they are unlikely to provide either powerful language-processing programs or psychologically relevant theories.

   Although these implications conﬂict with the way others have viewed the relationship of transformational grammars to semantics and to human performance, they do not eliminate the importance of such grammars to psychologists, an importance stressed in, and indeed largely created by, the work of Chomsky. It is precisely because of a growing interdependence between such linguistic theory and psychological performance models that their relationship needs to be clarified. (Quillian, 1968, p. 260)

   5) The Terminologies of Formal Grammar

   here are some terminological distinctions that are crucial to explain, or else confusions can easily arise. In the formal study of grammar, a language is defined as a set of sentences, possibly infinite, where each sentence is a string of symbols or words. One can think of each sentence as having several representations linked together: one for its sound pattern, one for its meaning, one for the string of words constituting it, possibly others for other data structures such as the "surface structure" and "deep structure" that are held to mediate the mapping between sound and meaning. Because no finite system can store an infinite number of sentences, and because humans in particular are clearly not pullstring dolls that emit sentences from a finite stored list, one must explain human language abilities by imputing to them a grammar, which in the technical sense is a finite rule system, or programme, or circuit design, capable of generating and recognizing the sentences of a particular language. This "mental grammar" or "psychogrammar" is the neural system that allows us to speak and understand the possible word sequences of our native tongue. A grammar for a specific language is obviously acquired by a human during childhood, but there must be neural circuitry that actually carries out the acquisition process in the child, and this circuitry may be called the language faculty or language acquisition device. An important part of the language faculty is universal grammar, an implementation of a set of principles or constraints that govern the possible form of any human grammar. (Pinker, 1996, p. 263)

   6) The Theory of Grammar

   A grammar of language L is essentially a theory of L. Any scientific theory is based on a finite number of observations, and it seeks to relate the observed phenomena and to predict new phenomena by constructing general laws in terms of hypothetical constructs.... Similarly a grammar of English is based on a finite corpus of utterances (observations), and it will contain certain grammatical rules (laws) stated in terms of the particular phonemes, phrases, etc., of English (hypothetical constructs). These rules express structural relations among the sentences of the corpus and the infinite number of sentences generated by the grammar beyond the corpus (predictions). (Chomsky, 1957, p. 49)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Grammar
4 rates

ставки имя существительное:
скорость (speed, velocity, rate, pace, rapidity, quickness)

ставка (rate, bet, General Headquarters, stake, wager, ante)

темп (tempo, pace, rate, time, movement, bat)

тариф (rate, tariff)

коэффициент (coefficient, factor, ratio, rate, index, multiplier)

норма (norm, rate, rule, Standard, mark, task)

процент (interest, percent, percentage, rate, interest rate)

степень (power, degree, extent, rate, grade, measure)

цена (price, cost, value, rate, worth, charge)

расход (consumption, expenditure, expense, rate, outgo, span)

доля (share, proportion, fraction, percentage, portion, part)

размер (size, rate, scale, dimension, proportions, extent)

обменный курс (rate)

ход (progress, stroke, running, travel, process, motion)

расценка (rate, quotation, tariff, price, valuation)

разряд (discharge, rank, digit, category, class, rate)

быстрота (rapidity, speed, swiftness, quickness, rate, promptness)

сорт (variety, grade, sort, class, brand, quality)

пропорция (proportion, ratio, rate)

класс (class, classroom, grade, School, form, category)

отношение (ratio, relationship, attitude, respect, relation, regard)

порция (portion, serving, dose, helping, ration, feed)

местный налог (cess, rate)

паек (ration, allowance, rate, dietary)

соответственная часть (rate)
глагол:
оценивать (evaluate, appreciate, assess, rate, estimate, measure)

тарифицировать (tariff, rate)

устанавливать (install, set, establish, place, mount, set up)

классифицировать (classify, categorize, sort, class, rank, pigeonhole)

определять (define, determine, set, measure, designate, govern)

расценивать (appraise, rate, cost)

браниться (scold, abuse, quarrel, swear, rail, spat)

бранить (scold, revile, berate, rail, chide, upbraid)

производить оценку (rate)

регулировать (regulate, adjust, control, govern, handle, tune)

исчислять (compute, reckon, date, rate, figure, put)

вычислять (calculate, compute, figure out, determine, find, cipher)

ставить оценку (rate, grade)

считать (find, think, consider, count, feel, reckon)

определять класс (rate)

задавать головомойку (rate)

облагать налогом (tax, assess, levy a tax on, rate)

облагать местным налогом (rate)

определять категорию (rate)

рассматривать (consider, view, regard, examine, review, see)

делать выговор (reprimand, admonish, rebuke, reprehend, reprove, pull up)

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > rates
5 rate

скорость имя существительное:
скорость (speed, velocity, rate, pace, rapidity, quickness)

ставка (rate, bet, General Headquarters, stake, wager, ante)

темп (tempo, pace, rate, time, movement, bat)

тариф (rate, tariff)

коэффициент (coefficient, factor, ratio, rate, index, multiplier)

норма (norm, rate, rule, Standard, mark, task)

процент (interest, percent, percentage, rate, interest rate)

степень (power, degree, extent, rate, grade, measure)

цена (price, cost, value, rate, worth, charge)

расход (consumption, expenditure, expense, rate, outgo, span)

доля (share, proportion, fraction, percentage, portion, rate)

размер (size, rate, scale, dimension, proportions, extent)

обменный курс (rate)

ход (progress, stroke, running, travel, process, rate)

расценка (rate, quotation, tariff, price, valuation)

разряд (discharge, rank, digit, category, class, rate)

быстрота (rapidity, speed, swiftness, quickness, rate, promptness)

сорт (variety, grade, sort, class, brand, rate)

пропорция (proportion, ratio, rate)

класс (class, classroom, grade, School, form, rate)

отношение (ratio, relationship, attitude, respect, relation, rate)

порция (portion, serving, dose, helping, ration, rate)

местный налог (cess, rate)

паек (ration, allowance, rate, dietary)

соответственная часть (rate)
глагол:
оценивать (evaluate, appreciate, assess, rate, estimate, measure)

тарифицировать (tariff, rate)

устанавливать (install, set, establish, place, mount, rate)

классифицировать (classify, categorize, sort, class, rank, rate)

определять (define, determine, set, measure, designate, rate)

расценивать (appraise, rate, cost)

браниться (scold, abuse, quarrel, swear, rail, rate)

бранить (scold, revile, berate, rail, chide, rate)

производить оценку (rate)

регулировать (regulate, adjust, control, govern, handle, rate)

исчислять (compute, reckon, date, rate, figure, put)

вычислять (calculate, compute, figure out, determine, find, rate)

ставить оценку (rate, grade)

считать (find, think, consider, count, feel, rate)

определять класс (rate)

задавать головомойку (rate)

облагать налогом (tax, assess, levy a tax on, rate)

облагать местным налогом (rate)

определять категорию (rate)

рассматривать (consider, view, regard, examine, review, rate)

делать выговор (reprimand, admonish, rebuke, reprehend, reprove, rate)

Англо-русский синонимический словарь > rate
6 bear

1. n медведь; медведица

bear driver — вожак медведя

blue bear — белый медведь

brown bear — бурый медведь

panda bear — медведь панда

tame bear — ручной медведь

bear leader — вожак медведя

2. n медведь, неуклюжий человек

bear sport — шумная, грубая игра

the dogs baited the bear — собаки травили медведя

black bear — барибал, американский чёрный медведь

imitated bear walk — имитировал ходьбу медведя

imitate bear walk — имитировать ходьбу медведя

imitating bear walk — имитация ходьбы медведя

3. n медвежий мех

Great Bear Lake — Большое Медвежье озеро

4. n десятилетний бойскаут

5. n бирж. проф. спекулянт, играющий на понижение, «медведь»

bear market — рынок с тенденцией на понижение

cave bear — пещерный медведь

russian bear — русский медведь

bear deal — сделка на понижение

go a bear — играть на понижение

went a bear — играл на понижение

6. n ручной дыропробивной пресс, медведка

bear punch — медведка

7. n метал. «козёл»

8. v бирж. проф. играть на понижение

go the bear — играть на понижение

gone a bear — играть на понижение

sell a bear — играть на понижение

went the bear — играл на понижение

bear speculation — игра на понижение

9. v переносить, перевозить

the ship bore him to a distant country — корабль унёс его далеко от родины

to bear pain without flinching — переносить боль, не дрогнув

10. v книжн. носить, нести

to bear a banner — нести знамя

bear expenses — нести расходы

bear charges — понести расходы

to bear expenses — нести расходы

bear losses — нести убытки; нести ущерб

11. v гнать, нести

the crowd bore us along — толпа увлекла нас за собой

bear away — унести, увести

12. v направляться, поворачиваться; держаться

to bear east — двигаться на восток

to bear before the wind — спускаться под ветер

to bear a course — прокладывать курс

to bear away in the main — держать в море

to bear in memory — помнить, запоминать, держать в памяти

13. v книжн. находиться, простираться

the land bears south of us — земля к югу от нас

14. v наводить

15. v иметь, нести на себе

to bear an evil look — выглядеть зловеще

the monument bore an inscription — на памятнике была надпись

to bear arms — иметь герб

bear the marks — иметь признаки

bear resemblance — иметь сходство

bear a similarity — иметь сходство

bear a relation to — иметь отношение к

16. v иметь, обладать

to bear a name — носить имя

to bear an office — занимать пост

to bear date — иметь дату, быть датированным

bear that in mind! — запомни это!; имей это в виду!

bear the following in mind — иметь в виду следующее

to bear in mind — помнить; запоминать; иметь в виду

bear on the accident — иметь отношение к происшествию

17. v выдерживать, нести тяжесть, нагрузку

his shoulders can bear a heavy load — он может нести на плечах тяжёлый груз

to bear the strain — выдерживать напряжение

to bear the test of time — выдерживать испытание временем

18. v опираться; стоять; нажимать, давить

a beam bearing on two uprights — брус, опирающийся на два столба

the whole building bears on these columns — эти колонны поддерживают всё здание

19. v иметь отношение к, быть связанным с

the fact does not bear on the subject — этот факт не имеет отношения к делу

to bear a date — быть датированным

to bear on — касаться, иметь отношение

bear an endorsement — иметь индоссамент

bear the endorsement — иметь индоссамент

bear a relationship to — иметь отношение к

20. v допускать, разрешать

he spends more than his salary can bear — он тратит больше, чем позволяет ему жалованье

your words bear only one interpretation — ваши слова можно истолковать только так

to bear interpretation — допускать толкование

21. v рождать; производить на свет

borne by Eve, born of Eve — рождённый Евой

bear bore born — носить; перевозить; производить; выдерживать; выносить; терпеть; подтверждать; играть на понижение

22. v приносить плоды

the trees bear fruit — деревья приносят плоды

bear interest — приносить проценты

bear interests — приносить проценты

bear an interest — приносить проценты

to bear interest — приносить проценты

bear the interest — приносить проценты

23. v держаться, вести себя

to bear oneself with dignity — вести себя с достоинством

to bear off the anchor — отвести якорь

24. n диал. ячмень

25. n диал. наволочка

Синонимический ряд:

1. animal (noun) animal; bear cub; black bear; grizzly; koala; panda; polar bear; teddy bear; Winnie the Pooh

2. abide (verb) abide; accept; be capable of; brook; digest; endure; hold up under; lump; put up with; stand; stick out; stomach; suffer; swallow; sweat out; tolerate

3. accompany (verb) accompany; attend; chaperon; companion; company; consort with; convoy; escort

4. aim (verb) aim; bend; curve; deviate; turn; veer

5. bear down (verb) bear down; drive; force; pressure; push; shove; thrust

6. behave (verb) acquit; act; behave; comport; demean; deport; disport; do; go on; govern; move; operate; quit; succeed; work

7. carry (verb) bring; buck; carry; conduct; convey; ferry; fetch; guide; have; lug; pack; possess; take; tote; transfer; transport

8. demonstrate (verb) broadcast; demonstrate; display; exhibit; manifest; show; spread; transmit; utter

9. head (verb) go; head; light out; make; set out; strike out; take off

10. merit (verb) be worthy of; deserve; invite; merit; warrant

11. nurse (verb) harbour; nurse

12. press (verb) compress; constrain; crowd; crush; jam; press; squash; squeeze; squish; squush

13. procreate (verb) beget; breed; generate; multiply; procreate; propagate; reproduce

14. produce (verb) bring forth; deliver; give birth to; have a litter; litter; produce; spawn; turn out; yield

15. relate (verb) affect; appertain; be pertinent; be relevant; bear on; concern; pertain; refer; relate; tend

16. support (verb) carry on; keep up; maintain; remain firm; shoulder; support; sustain; uphold

Антонимический ряд:

abort; avoid; decline; dodge; drop; eject; evade; expel; protest; pull; refuse; reject; repel; resent; shed; succumb

English-Russian base dictionary > bear

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to govern a relationship

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